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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa If you're a fan of coffee you're probably aware that different beans have different flavor profiles. Learn about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa. Excelsa beans, a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and more tart flavor profile and are often added to coffee blends to add depth. Arabica Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of the global production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee is affected by the conditions in the conditions it is grown and the processing methods used. The word “coffee” originates from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats were energized after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee soon began to spread throughout the world. Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and thrive in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is thought to be the best tasting type of coffee. Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on the ethical source of arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees that are suitable for many methods of brewing. Blending allows control over the aroma, taste and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is often utilized to create a consistent and balanced flavor that appeals a wide market. Robusta Robusta beans are the second-most popular type of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants naturally found in. These acids can cause oxidation during the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors. The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economically viable crop to cultivate. While it may seem counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's likely that there's also some robusta. Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to reduce costs and maintain the quality. In order to preserve the integrity of the flavor, it's crucial to select a premium bean from a source you are confident with. This can be accomplished by buying your beans directly from a farmer. Liberica Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football that makes them different from other coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is floral and fruity with subtle smoky undertones. They are often paired with other coffee bean varieties to add a more intense, fuller flavor. Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes, and they can tolerate hot, humid climates. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta. These characteristics make them ideal for home cultivation. Online, you can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it is best to purchase the beans from local producers in order to guarantee quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils with moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall. Excelsa is a different type of coffee bean. It was initially classified as a distinct species, but has been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on 20 to 30 feet coffee plants that are situated at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends in the home. They are also less pronounced in the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta, but still have a distinct depth of flavor. Excelsa Excelsa coffee beans aren't as common as Arabica and Robusta, although they're fourth popular. In fact they were regarded as a separate coffee plant species until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. These beans have a distinctive teardrop shape, and a dark, mysterious flavor. They are typically used to give blends more body and a rich, tart taste of ripened fruits. top rated coffee beans are the most well-known and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a touch of acidity. If brewed and roasted correctly they may impart notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit. Robusta is the second most popular coffee in the world and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed in the world. Robusta beans are rounder and smaller, but contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have woody and earthy undertones. Now that you know the four most popular types of coffee beans you can now choose the perfect coffee. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor pick an arabica or a blend of robusta beans and arabica beans.